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Exploiting the frequency ranges above 6 GHz has become a hallmark of modern wireless systems. The use of 20-100 GHz spectrum was a key characteristic of 5G systems, and the 100-500 GHz frequency range will be an important component in 6G. This talk will first discuss the characteristics of wireless propagation channels in those frequency bands, reviewing the fundamentals, and then discussing our recent measurement results in outdoor environments, including ones in the larger than 100 GHz frequency range that show feasibility of high-rate data links at distances up to 100 m in both line-of-sight and many non-line-of-sight situations; yet at the same time these measurements also indicate that many common assumptions about such high-frequency channels, e.g., with respect to sparsity, might not hold under all circumstances. Based on the discussions of the channels, the talk will then investigate single- and multi-user capacity, signaling methods and transceiver structures that are especially suitable for ultra-high data rates at these high frequency bands.
5G rollouts have stimulated new demand that cannot be met by 5G itself. That's where 5G-Advanced comes into play, delivering enhanced capabilities. Without a doubt, 5G-Advanced will further stimulate more new demands that only 6G can address. Looking into these new demands will be crucial to defining 6G. ITU-R is leading the consortium effort to study future technology trend (FTT) and 6G vision, aiming to issue the FTT report and vision recommendation by the end of 2022 and in the middle of 2023, respectively. 6G will go far beyond communications. 6G will serve as a distributed neural network that provides communication links to fuse the physical, cyber, and biological worlds, truly ushering in an era in which everything will be sensed, connected, and intelligent. In addition to connected people and things, we predict that 6G will be the platform for connected intelligence, where the mobile network connects vast amounts of intelligent devices and connects them intelligently. This talk will first start with 5G-advanced as an introduction, then present an overall vision for 6G with drivers, use cases, KPIs, roadmap and key capabilities. Six key capabilities: (1) Extreme connectivity, (2) Native AI, (3) Networked sensing, (4) Integrated Non-terrestrial network, (5) Native trustworthiness and (6) Sustainability, will be further discussed, including potential technologies/research directions and associated challenges.
Research activities in academia and industry worldwide towards the 6th generation (6G) mobile communication system have recently considerably gained momentum. In this overview we will highlight the anticipated 6G timeline and technology concepts which have to fulfil even more stringent requirements in comparison to 5G, such as ultra-high data rates, energy efficiency, global coverage and connectivity as well as extremely high reliability and low latency. One of the 6G technologies are sub-Terahertz and terahertz (THz) waves which have frequencies extending from 0.1 THz up to 10 THz and fall in the spectral region between microwave and optical waves. The prospect of offering large contiguous frequency bands to meet the demand for highest data transfer rates up to the terabit/sec range make it a key research area of 6G mobile communication. These efforts require an interdisciplinary approach, with close interaction of high-frequency semiconductor technology for RF electronics but also including alternative approaches using photonic technologies. The THz region also shows great promise for many applications areas ranging from imaging to spectroscopy and sensing. To fully exploit the potential of this frequency range it is also crucial to understand the propagation characteristics for the development of the future communication standards by performing channel measurements. We will highlight the characteristics of channel propagation in this frequency region and present new results from channel measurements at 158 GHz and 300 GHz.
Spectrum regulation challenges grow for both unlicensed (e.g., Wi-Fi) and licensed (e.g., cellular) opportunities, particularly those created by 10's to 100's of billions of connected, communicating devices. Dynamic, cognitive solutions just begin to find field use and initiate the inevitable march towards increasingly artificially intelligent allocation of spectra and space. This talk reviews some multiuser fundamentals, their complexity of solution, and how they may find future application to magnify spectral efficiency by orders of magnitude.
Edge devices collect massive amounts of data, opening up new potentials for machine learning applications. Machine learning at the edge can benefit from exploiting both data and processing power distributed across many wireless devices, but this brings about many new challenges including the low latency requirements of learning applications, privacy concerns preventing data sharing, and the impact of noise and interference on the convergence of the learning process. Overcoming these challenges while meeting the requirements of the machine learning tasks calls for a new paradigm of semantic-oriented communication network design tailored for learning applications. In this talk, I will present recent results on efficient distributed inference and training over wireless networks taking into account channel impairments and power and bandwidth limitations of wireless devices, as well as the semantics of the underlying learning tasks. This will involve bringing together novel communication and coding techniques with distributed learning and inference algorithms.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have found fast growing applications during the past few years. As such, it is imperative to develop innovative communication technologies for supporting reliable UAV command and control (C&C), as well as mission-related payload communication. However, traditional UAV systems mainly rely on the simple direct communication between the UAV and the ground pilot over unlicensed spectrum (e.g., ISM 2.4GHz), which is typically of low data rate, unreliable, insecure, vulnerable to interference, difficult to legitimately monitor and manage, and can only operate within the visual line of sight (LoS) range. To overcome the above limitations, there has been significant interest in integrating UAVs into cellular communication systems. On the one hand, UAVs with their own missions could be connected into cellular networks as new aerial users. Thanks to the advanced cellular technologies and almost ubiquitous accessibility of cellular networks, cellular-connected UAVs are expected to achieve orders-of-magnitude performance improvement over the existing point-to-point UAV communications. It also offers an effective option to strengthen the legitimate UAV monitoring and management, and achieve more robust UAV navigation by utilizing cellular signals as a complement to GPS (Global Position System). On the other hand, dedicated UAVs could be deployed as aerial base stations (BSs), access points (APs), or relays, to assist terrestrial wireless communications from the sky, leading to another paradigm known as UAV-assisted communications. UAV-assisted communications have several promising advantages, such as the ability to facilitate on-demand deployment, high flexibility in network reconfiguration, high chance of having LoS communication links, and enable numerous applications such as BS traffic offloading, information dissemination and collection for Internet of Things (IoTs). UAV communications are significantly different from conventional communication systems, due to the high altitude and high mobility of UAVs, the unique channel of UAV-ground links, the asymmetric quality of service (QoS) requirements for downlink C&C and uplink mission-related data transmission, the stringent constraints imposed by the size, weight, and power (SWAP) limitations of UAVs, as well as the additional design degrees of freedom enabled by joint UAV mobility control and communication resource allocation.
5G will provide significant societal value as it is used for critical infrastructure, mission critical applications, smart manufacturing, connected car, and other use cases. As a result of this new usage, our risk tolerance must be decreased because of the increased impact of cyberattacks on the 5G network. This requires a risk-based approach to securing Radio Access Networks (RAN) as it evolves to Open RAN that is virtualized, disaggregated, cloud-native, automated, and intelligent. Along with new secure use cases, there is an emerging requirement for Open RAN which can be implemented using the approaches of virtual RAN, Cloud RAN, and O-RAN. These new technologies in the wireless cellular space bring inherent security benefits while also introducing new security risks. This presentation will address the Open RAN approaches and the security risks for each. Open RAN security topics that will be discussed include 3GPP 5G security, cloud security, security-by-design, and secure use of open source software. ORAN’s expanded threat surface, with additional interfaces and functions, introduces additional security risks that will also be discussed. The presentation will also introduce concepts to achieve a zero-trust architecture for Open RAN that can be implemented in Cloud RAN and O-RAN. The multi-party relationship between the operator, cloud provider, and system integrator requires security roles and responsibilities are clearly defined in this presentation.
How to efficiently utilize the physically limited resource of spectrum has become a critical problem to solve in the 21st Century as wireless communications continues to grow exponentially, with wireless technology moving from 4G to 5G and the advent of the Internet of Things. In the US, the Federal Government is the largest single user of midband spectrum, so no serious solutions could be developed without full engagement with the FCC, DoD and NTIA. In-depth academic and industry discussions began with the Obama administration’s President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, culminating in a report issued on July 20, 2012: Realizing the Full Potential of Government-Held Spectrum to Spur Economic Growth. The report concluded that the traditional practice of clearing and reallocating portions of the spectrum used by Federal agencies was not a sustainable model for spectrum policy, recommending that the best way to increase capacity was to leverage new technologies that enable large blocks of spectrum to be shared. In 2015 this led to the FCC adopting new rules for sharing spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band, naming the band Citizens Broadband Radio Service. Professor Reed was on the ground floor of turning the academic concept into an industry reality with the founding of Federated Wireless, laying the groundwork for developing one of the first Spectrum Access Systems that dynamically shares spectrum in real-time. Kurt Schaubach picked up the reigns at Federated Wireless, shepherding the product through the FCC/NTIA certification process and commercially launching the service in September 2019. Professor Reed and Mr. Schaubach will talk about this history and the lessons learned from government, academia and industry working together to solve an issue that goes beyond technology alone. Mr. Schaubach will also discuss the commercial success of CBRS and review how it has led to the global exploration of spectrum sharing as a viable and necessary option for efficient spectrum utilization. Both will discuss how the commercial opportunities for spectrum sharing may evolve over time.
As they implement new technologies, regulators around the world work within the limits and procedures referenced in the ITU Radio Regulations (RR), a set of international regulations by all ITU-R member states that govern the use of spectrum by existing and emerging wireless technologies. However, the RR do not encompass every new technological concepts. And, as a result, adapting new technologies and concepts to work within the limits and procedures of outlined in the RR is not always straightforward. The use of active antennas, in which transmitters are integrated with the radiating structure, is one such topic. Over the past couple of years, the ITU-R has been discussing how to apply conducted power limits to 5G transmitters using active antennas. The variance in the interpretations being debated is such that there could be quite a significant adverse impact on the deployment, operation, and performance of 5G stations. This challenge would only grow due to the trend in 5G/6G towards larger active arrays with potentially hundreds of transmitters. It is crucial to consider what these regulatory limits are, both in letter and spirit, how they have been used in the past, what impact the new interpretations could have, and in what ways they can accommodate multi-antenna and other new technologies.
As hordes of data-hungry devices challenge its current capabilities, Wi-Fi strikes again with 802.11be, alias Wi-Fi 7. This brand-new amendment promises a (r)evolution of unlicensed wireless connectivity as we know it, unlocking access to gigabit, reliable and low-latency communications, and reinventing manufacturing and social interaction through digital augmentation. More than that, time-sensitive networking protocols are being put forth with the overarching goal of making wireless the new wired. With its standardization process being consolidated, we will provide an updated digest of 802.11be essential features, place the spotlight on some of the must-haves for critical and delay-sensitive applications, and illustrate their benefits through standard-compliant simulations.
As 5G takes to the airwaves, we now turn our imagination to the next generation of wireless technology. The promise of this technology has created an international race to innovate, with significant investment by government as well as industry. And much innovation is needed as 6G aspires to not only support significantly higher data rates than 5G, up to 100 Gbps, but also improved reliability along with excellent coverage indoors and out, including for underserved areas. New architectures including edge computing must be designed to drastically enhance efficient resource allocation while also reducing latency for real-time control. Breakthrough energy-efficiency architectures, algorithms and hardware will be needed so that wireless devices can be powered by tiny batteries, energy-harvesting, or over-the-air power transfer. There are many technical challenges that must be overcome in order to make this vision a reality. This talk will describe what the wireless future might look like along with some of the innovations and breakthroughs required to realize this vision.
New applications envisioned for networks in 5G and beyond place emphasis on ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. To simultaneously support the seemingly contradictory requirements placed on the error-correcting systems in future networks, near-maximum likelihood decoding of short block-length codes has become a focus of recent research. In this talk we will present recent results on several different near-maximum likelihood decoding techniques for short block-length codes, including techniques for decoding short Reed-Muller and Polar Codes, AI-assisted decoding, and GRAND decoding. An emphasis will be placed on reducing the complexity of near-ML decoding algorithms towards practical hardware implementations.
"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have found fast growing applications during the past few years. As such, it is imperative to develop innovative communication technologies for supporting reliable UAV command and control (C&C), as well as mission-related payload communication. However, traditional UAV systems mainly rely on the simple direct communication between the UAV and the ground pilot over unlicensed spectrum (e.g., ISM 2.4GHz), which is typically of low data rate, unreliable, insecure, vulnerable to interference, difficult to legitimately monitor and manage, and can only operate within the visual line of sight (LoS) range. To overcome the above limitations, there has been significant interest in integrating UAVs into cellular communication systems. On the one hand, UAVs with their own missions could be connected into cellular networks as new aerial users. Thanks to the advanced cellular technologies and almost ubiquitous accessibility of cellular networks, cellular-connected UAVs are expected to achieve orders-of-magnitude performance improvement over the existing point-to-point UAV communications. It also offers an effective option to strengthen the legitimate UAV monitoring and management, and achieve more robust UAV navigation by utilizing cellular signals as a complement to GPS (Global Position System). On the other hand, dedicated UAVs could be deployed as aerial base stations (BSs), access points (APs), or relays, to assist terrestrial wireless communications from the sky, leading to another paradigm known as UAV-assisted communications. UAV-assisted communications have several promising advantages, such as the ability to facilitate on-demand deployment, high flexibility in network reconfiguration, high chance of having LoS communication links, and enable numerous applications such as BS traffic offloading, information dissemination and collection for Internet of Things (IoTs). UAV communications are significantly different from conventional communication systems, due to the high altitude and high mobility of UAVs, the unique channel of UAV-ground links, the asymmetric quality of service (QoS) requirements for downlink C&C and uplink mission-related data transmission, the stringent constraints imposed by the size, weight, and power (SWAP) limitations of UAVs, as well as the additional design degrees of freedom enabled by joint UAV mobility control and communication resource allocation."
In this workshop, the covered topics include but are not limited to THz transceivers, antennas and antenna arrays; information theoretic analysis of THz communication systems, THz channel modeling, estimation and equalization techniques; ultra-broadband modulation and waveform design; beamforming, precoding and space-time coding schemes; MAC design and interference management; relaying and routing in ultra- broadband networks; system-level modeling and experimental platforms and demonstrations.